Magazine C1A











 Wednesday 6th September 2023

L/O: To Explore the concept of Representation & Stereotypes

Introduction to Media Representations!

Representation-

  • The media offers the audience an interpretation of the world.
  • It is a RE-PRESENTATION of the events, people and places.

   I think The Representation of the "Meet The SuperHumans" is positive because they have made a olympics for people who have disabilities and prosthetic limbs, which will allow them to do sports that are suitable for them.

  • different
  • societal change
  • Brave
  • Focused
  • Determined
  • powerful


Friday 8th September 2023

Do now:

positive
  • Glee
  • Kissing booth (1,2,3)
  • back to the future 
  • Harry Potter 
  • clueless
  • mean girls
  • Never have i ever
ghostbusters afterlife mes:
-the style (Phoebe's clothes are tucked in)
-podcasts gives a 80s feeling
-their both wearing belts 
-Phoebe's glasses and curly hair
-they ask to many Questions
-the shorts 
-their shirts
-vintage sort person ( finds suff from his families stuff)


STEREOTYPED EXPECTATIONS
-Nanny:young, woman, caring and friendly
-Nurse: usually wearing lab coats, Woman
-Teenager: snarky, moody, backstabber, girly girls, likes pink
-Astronaut: male, muscular,  
-Football player: male, loaded with money
Opera Fan:straight people ( couples in the box watching it),wealth, classical 
Teacher: Young and old, strict 
-tattoo lover: male, tattoo's everywhere, biker 

ARE YOU MAN ENOUGH... ...TO BE A NURSE
-the props that the men are holding Stereotypically show that men do golf, play guitar, rock climb, and surf 
-because a nurse is stereotyped to be woman's job they are saying "are u brave enough to be a nurse"

EDUCATING THE EAST END
  • "ITS ONLY bantAAAa' 
  • "this isnt the time for BaNTAAa this is the time for workAA"
  • teachers getting stressy ( slamming doors)
  • "i love you miss"
  • kid working out with stools/chairs
  • people getting dragged across the floor in secondary school 
  • the way the teachers dressed professionals
  • some are in intelligent and celebrate their success within school
 the Cornish accent 
eating pasties
Jam and cream scones 
chasing seagulls
someone bringing a crab to school
 

Wednesday 13th September 2023
Representations in Magazines!
L/O: To Explore the Representations Found in Magazines!

  • Direct address: if the model was facing the camera, looking at you
  • puff: the circle shaped stickers
  • The Star Vehicle: is the celebrity/well known person thats on the front cover
Cosmopolitan Magazine 
  • losing weight 
  • for young women (18+)
  • confidence
  • looking good?? (flatter abs)
  • romance tips 
  • heteronormative ( heterosexual relationships)

how carrie underwood represented?

  • confidence
  • comfortable in her own skin 
  • flirty (romantic)
  • chill (relaxed, less stressed)
  • open about her secrets to help others 
how carrie Underwood is represented on the three covers?
  • 1. family person, struggling (inexperience new mum), normal/everyday person, new mum
  • 2. dark personality, serious/very successful in her Job
  • 3.America's sweetheart, bubbly, very bright (happy)






Carrie underwood is represented in this magazine cover:
  • family person
  • heartbroken









Friday 15th September 2023

differences between the two magazines:

  • GQ is a mens magazine whiles cosmopolitan is a woman's magazine
  • they show a stereotypical side of the star vehicle (celebrity)
  • cosmopolitan is about how to be more confident and romance where as GQ is about football, shoes, survival with bear Grylls
  • different shot types 
In cosmopolitan the cover lines are very "busy" which could show that the representation of gender would be for younger women where as the GQ magazine is organised 

carrie underwood is a singer were as David Beckham is a footballer

Cosmopolitan is about romance and how to look for men were as GQ doesn't talk about women at all it is also about Representation 

  • Rihanna is representing medusa 
  • survival, strength, and overcoming assault
  • the grey writing could represent the stones 
  • sexual objectification of cover star- naked
  • stereotypically 'male' topics: status, tech, 'man moments', 'new man'
  • setting boundaries
  • gender neutral style
  • Anti-stereotypical us e a male cover star
  • stereotypical representation of a gay man-pink , style
  • stereo-typically feminine colour palette 
  • more feminist representation of the modern woman independent, strong 




Wednesday 20th September 2023

Exam Style Magazine Question

Lo: to write and structure an effective Exam Style answer






 






The two covers represent gender very differently. Cosmopolitan represents Tom Daley in a anti-stereotypical way. For example,  he has been dressed in a more feminine clothing- both in colour & style. However, as a homosexual , this is more stereotypical. On the other hand, there are more stereotypically masculine representations with the tattoo and the muscular physique.

Where as the 'GQ' magazine represents -Rihanna- as a sexual object.  she is very exposed with a snake across her body, even though this magazine's audience is for men, its also showing stereotypical 'male' topic for a example status, tech, 'man moments', 'new man'. Rihanna is representing Medusa which could show a negative representation towards her as the star vehicle due to the fact that Medusa is a Greek God. The Roman author Ovid describes the mortal Medusa as a beautiful maiden seduced by Poseidon in a temple of Athena. Such a sacrilege attracted the Goddess' wrath, and she punished Medusa by turning her hair to snakes.

 Both magazines 'GQ' and 'Cosmopolitan' are both different in comparison. In 'Cosmopolitan' the star Vehicle is Tom Daley  who is a homosexual Olympic gold medallist in the men's synchronised 10-metre platform. In 'Cosmopolitan' he (Tom Daley)  is Represented as anti-Stereotypical due to the feminine clothing


EBI: include a comparison paragraph at the end




FRIDAY 22ND SEPTEMBER 2023 
L/O:To create magazine covers showing an understanding of representation
REPRESENTATION








WEDNESDAY 27TH SEPTEMBER 2023

                                                                                                 CANVA
INDESIGN


  
Friday 29th September 2023
Exam Style Magazine Question
LO; To review & improve an Effective Exam Style Answer!



INDUSTRY RESEARCH!!!
L/O: TO RESEARCH COMPANIES LINKED TO SET PRODUCTS!!

When was the magazine launched?
- GQ, formerly (1931–57) Apparel Arts and (1958–83) Gentlemen's Quarterly, men's fashion magazine that was started as a trade publication in New York City in 1931 and became available to the general public in 1957.its popularity with customers caused rebranding in 1967 to GQ, aimed specifically at fashion industry insiders

- The British Vogue, launched in 1916, was the first international edition, while the Italian version Vogue Italia has been called the top fashion magazine in the world.In 1892 the first issue in New York was public. as a society diary before it was bought by American publisher Conde Nast in 1905.Conde Nast made it into a women's fashion magazine, though still aimed at the upper classes.they also created different overseas versions. 

What was the original genre/target audience?
- GQ began its life as a quarterly publication called Gentleman's Quarterly, aimed specifically at fashion industry insiders. Its popularity with customers caused its rebranding in 1967 to GQ.

- created by Arthur Baldwin Turnure for New York City's social elite and covering news of the local social scene, traditions of high society, and social etiquette; it also reviewed books, plays, and music.

Has it changed, rebranded at all over the years?

- GQ continues to evolve with an online version at gq.com, a strong social media presence, unique video programming, and tent-pole events, including the iconic British GQ Men of Year Awards which reaches a global audience.
In 1932, for example, Vogue became one of the first magazines to print a colour photo on its cover. In the 1960s the magazine redefined the look of female models, eschewing shapely figures to highlight thin, gender-neutral physiques. Vogue's August 1974 cover was the first to picture an African American model.
Who publishes it?
Vogue - It is the British edition of the American magazine Vogue and is owned and distributed by Condé Nast.
Condé Nast, publishes GQ magazine 
Is it print only or multi-platform? (if so which Platforms)
- GQ publishes eight issues per year.(GQ across any digital device with one of our digital-only subscriptions.)
vogue -Digital-only subscription gives you unlimited access to Vogue.com including Runway. A Print + Digital subscription includes the above plus the print edition, delivered to your door.
Whats is its average circulation & Readership?
Vogue -100m+ global monthly readership on print and digital platforms. 7.6m+ Millenials reached. 245m+ average monthly video views. 2X more affluent millennial women. 167m+ followers on social media.Vogue is still produced by Conde Nast and continues to be successful in the UK, despite dwindling print sales in the magazine marketplace. Edward Enninful was appointed Edward Enninful was appointed editor in December 2017.In 2022,British Vogue had an average circulation figure of 190,249 issues of the print magazine each month and a 796,000

GQ-In its original print magazine form, British GQ, reported an average monthly circulation of 85,080 in 2022 – down 29% in ten years – but it has fared better than many of the more downmarket men's market magazines and others in the market such as Men's Health which fell by 64% in ten years to 73,315 last year
Who is the Target Audience?
- GQ is aimed at ABC1 men aged between 20 and 44 
Vogue - covers a broad age range, though primary demographics range from 17-29-year-olds. Vogue caters to over 7.6m millennials in particular, so must have its finger firmly on the pulse of current events and popular culture.

Homework





Homework:


ANALYSE HOW GENDER HAS BEEN REPRESENTED:
The star vehicle (James Corden) has been represented as a non- stereotypical man due to the fact that a stereotypical man are shown as  strong, aggressive and bold. James Corden is the opposite, He does Carpool Karaoke with famous music artists and because of this he is now  represented as  'TV's most powerful man' in this magazine














Wednesday 4th October 2023
Industry Research
L/O:To Research Companies Linked To set Products

Circulation: The number of copies of a publication distributed by the publishing company.

Advertising Revenue: the income you can earn from advertisements being seen on your content.

Cover price: price of the magazine 

Subscription model:  one in which customers are charged a recurring fee for access to a product instead of a one-time expense.

multi-platform: allows different audiences to be maintained and developed in the most effective way.

readership:the readers of a newspaper, magazine, or book regarded collectively.

ideology: ideology is a set of opinions or beliefs of a group or an individual

Brand Identity: the visible elements of a brand, such as colour , design, and logo, that identify and distinguish the brand in consumers' minds.

Target Audience: a particular group at which a product such as a film or advertisement is aimed.


Summarise the Brand image: Tagline, values , ideologies, types of topics covered, style etc


Vogue: 
Vogue's brand image: tagline-before it's in fashion, it's in Vogue'

values:



GQ:
 


Friday 6th October 2023

Vogue is classed  as a glossy, monthly, women's lifestyle consumer magazine
."British vogue is the authority on fashion beauty and lifestyle and is a destination for women to learn, be challenged inspired and empowered under Edward Enniful's unmatched global editorial status,British vogue has become the undisputed fashion Bible in the united kingdom and is leading the cultural zeitgeist worldwide, powered by purpose."


Published monthly, British GQ sells itself as "The greatest magazine around. The men's magazine with an IQ> Whether it's fashion, sport, health, humour, politics or music, GQ covers it all with intelligence and imagination."


Explain how these covers show the brand identity & ideologies you discovered.




brand identity: Harry Styles's  inpiration quote  "ANYTIME YOU'RE

PUTTING BARRIERS UP IN YOUR LIFE, YOU'RE LIMITING YOURSELF" 

On the magazine cover it has  very "happy news" for example the News "BABY LOVE

EMILY RATAJKOWSKI ON THE MAGIC AND MYSTERY OF PREGNANCY" (lifestyle)


In the GQ magazine they have some news about America's Brexit with a rhetorical Question 'Which US states are plotting their escape?' 






















Wednesday 11th October 2023

Case Study 1: Raheem sterling GQ 

L/O: To explore the context & cover star for case study 1














How could we Compare these two covers using information from the previous slides?




How does GQ target its audience?
Jennifer Lopez is being objectified 



How does GQ Represent gender?
GQ has objectified women in this magazine because the star vehicle (Jennifer Lopez) is wearing barely anything other than a long piece of cloth and her shot type is a long shot where as in the magazine with David Beckham his shot is a close up and he's wearing a suit. whiles David Beckham on the cover remained clothed the photograph of Jennifer Lopez is mostly shot less than fully clothed.

Friday 13th October 2023
L/O: To explore the context & cover star for case study 1
Case study 1: Raheem Sterling GQ


TYPOGRAPHY!

anything to do with the look of the text (font) 
-style-
-block capitals-
-lower case-
-colour-
italics/bold



the style of font is quite dull and bold (grey and white)
block capitals often are male based and the font is san-serif 

colour palette is white, dark grey, red and black
grey- sophistication, wisdom
White often symbolise cleanliness, purity, and safety 
Red- anger, energy, danger, action
black- mystery, power, elegance and sophistication

the layout design is the z-shape 

(A Z-pattern design traces the route the human eye travels when they read- left to right, top to bottom:

(when viewers eyes move in this pattern, it forms an imaginary 'z' shape)
For my magazine cover it goes masthead to puff, down to the name of star vehicle to the cover lines













ANCHORAGE


" The Relentless Jeremy Strong" (sometimes the anchorage is who the star vehicle is!)














The magazine cover i have, the shot type is medium long shot the direct address connotes confidence and appeals directly to the reader the shot type could show the fashionable clothes he's wearing his pose is quite laid back he looks quite serious which could mean he's in a serious situation or the magazine topics could be quite serious. He was also in one of the boxing ring corners which could mean he's "fighting"

Wednesday 1st November 2023
Do now:

Media language:
colour palette is quite dark colours (grey, black, white, red )  could mean a serious magazine cover







Homework:

in 2016, Sterling was the nations most expensive player when he was bought by Manchester City.

In December 2018, whilst playing against Chelsea, Sterling was subjected to racist taunts from Chelsea Fans.









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In December 2018 Sterling wrote a full statement about the Racist chants that happened at the Chelsea game ( playing against Chelsea) "by my reaction i just had to laugh because i don't expect no better" was the quote that he had in his statement. in the last paragraph Sterling added "this black kid is looked at in a bad light.which help fuel racism an aggressive Behaviour, so for all the news paper
 that don't understand why people are racist in this day and age all i have to say is have a second thought about fair publicity an give all players an equal chance"he could be explaining  that the news paper could be making racism worse 
 




"GQ"- the masthead is in a bold large san serif font. the colour used is a deep gold, connoting wealth, but also religion in the context of the rest of the cover. the colour gold is in juxtaposition to the black used for Sterlings wings, already implying  there will be binary oppositions in this cover. 

'why it's finally ok to own a belt-bag' links to the idea of being 'metrosexual'. subverting  stereotypes of bags being for women, now men can own and enjoy them too.


Guardian Angel - A multitude of meanings and readings 
1) He is a winger in football, playing on the sides or the wings 
2) He protects other black players from further racial incidents through his campaigning 
3) He was seen as an 'evil' person, but in reality seems on the whole to be a good one.




 









Friday 3rd November 2023
the colour pallets: black could link back to ethnsity and to protect against racist people

guardian Angel: to protect black people against racist people 
the wings: because he's a winger in football
Raheem sterling is religious 
body language: is showing that he is confidence 



Exam Question:
Explore how this front cover of GQ magazine uses media languages to communicate meanings:
  • Images
  • text/written language 
  • layout and design

Raheem Sterling (RS)

In this front cover of GQ magazine uses media languages to communicate lots of meanings, for instance in the Image the star vehicle Raheem Sterling is wearing black wingsthis could connote that he is a guardian angel that is help  protecting  against racist people on social media and in real life. Another reason why Raheem Sterling might be wearing the black wings is because he plays Winger for the football team Chelsea.
Another reason is in the image he is confidently showing his tattoo's, his tattoo's are controversial as he was in the news for having a gun tattoo on his leg (the same leg he shoots with). He is proudly showing and further emphasising  the religious iconography.

The GQ magazine uses media languages to communicate the meanings even in the layout.the layout is in a 'Z shape, this traces the route the human eye travels when they read- left to right , top to bottom ,this is why the viewers eyes move in this pattern it forms an imaginary "Z" shape.

25 mins: not finished???
Friday 10th November 2023
Do now:
describe how gender is represented on this cover:
powerful
revealing
confidence 

positive 

Do you think ethnicity represented in a diverse way on this cover? why?


the choice to represent sterling topless with his tattoos on sh0w reinforces the stereotype of ,men as having to be hyper masculine strong and muscular.

The black wings represent him as a super natural figure suggesting his extraordinary skills on the pitch.
The wings combined with the main cover line 'Guardian angels' and the low angle construct him as a protective figure, fighting for justice. His wide stance and the choice of costume represent him as a dominant, confident figure 
His thick silver jewellery reinforces the capitalist ideology that for a man  to be thought of as successful you must be wealthy and make a lot of money.






















'why 2020 is actually the best time to start a business' this quote is stereotypically male topic            

"John Boyega on standing up, speaking out and being sidelined in star wars"

In 2020, Boyega spoke out against Disney for failing to properly market Black actors, and he believes he didn’t get the proper support when he experienced racist backlash from Star Wars stands over his casting, though he does feel good about Obi-Wan Kenobi star Moses Ingram receiving the support he was initially denied.

hood up- challenge the stereotypes 
white hood- white means pure, positive 
diverse on the cover 




Wednesday 15th November 2023
Vogue magazine do now:
British vogue was published in 1916



Case Study 2
Malala Yousafzai
L/O: To explore the context & cover star for case study 2



Historically in magazines like vogue people black and asian were unrepresented as cover stars,Until the 1990s when Naomi Campbell became the first black model to be on the front cover of vogue this could show that Vogue is anti-stereotypical 




  • Malala Yousafzai is a Pakistani female education activist and the 2014 Nobel Peace Prize laureate at the age of 17. She is the world's youngest Nobel Prize laureate, the second Pakistani and the first Pashtun to receive a Nobel Prize. 
  • she was in a coma for 10 days 
  • she was 15 years old when she was shot three times on the way home from school on a bus 
  • After she was shot she was in hospital for 3 months 
  • she fights for girls education 
  • she was shot because she went to school
Friday 17th November 2023

Malala is a Pakistani female education activist and the 2014 Nobel Peace prize laureate at the age of 17.she is the world's youngest Nobel Prize laureate, the second Pakistani and the first pashtun to receive a Nobel Prize. On the morning of October 9, 2012, 15-year-old Malala Yousafzai was shot by the Taliban. Seated on a bus heading home from school, Malala was talking with her friends about schoolwork. Two members of the Taliban stopped the bus. A young bearded Taliban asked for Malala by name, and fired three shots at her. 
I think the reason she is on the vogue magazine cover because she represents  the girls/women who can't go to school because of where they live, Malala fund is an international  non-profit organization that advocates for girls' education.







Cover lines:
'Vogue's guide to summer beauty'
'Love after lockdown 
These two quotes could be stereotypical topics towards women 
the layout of the magazine cover is the "Z shape" (traces the route of the human eye)

'Survivor, activist, legend'
survivor- On the morning of October 9, 2012, 15-year-old Malala Yousafzai was shot by the Taliban. Seated on a bus heading home from school, Malala was talking with her friends about schoolwork. Two members of the Taliban stopped the bus. A young bearded Taliban asked for Malala by name, and fired three shots at her. 
activist- Her father inspired her to become an activist.  
Malala is an education activist and the 2014 Nobel Peace prize laureate at the age of 17.she is the world's youngest Nobel Prize laureate, the second Pakistani and the first pashtun to receive a Nobel Prize.
Legend- Malala became an international symbol of the fight for girls' education after she was shot in 2012 for opposing Taliban restrictions on female education in her home country of Pakistan.

Malala Yousafzai is known across the world for having the courage to stand up for what she believes in, even in the face of terrifying adversity.

The way Malala has her hand placed on her face  could link to the cover line 'Vogue's guide to summer beauty'
The cover lines on the left hand side all follow the same chic minimalist design, a black uppercase headline with an italicised subheading in white to draw the reader into what is more familiar territory for women's lifestyle magazine: fashion, romance, celebrities
"fighting talk' broadens the readers appeal from fashion fans of the model Jourdan Dunn.
The headscarf she wears indicates her culture and her religion and is an essential part of her identity.
she engages the reader with direct eye contact 
she is at a level angle with us we are invited to. get closer to identify with her.
Wednesday 22nd November 2023
L/O: To explore the representations in case study 2
Do now:
Medium close up- draws attention to both her facial expression as well as her body language and attire
Malala has her hand placed on her face could link to the cover line 'Vogue's guide to summer beauty'
white contrasting with the red background celebrating her name and her status 
Direct address showing she's confident

Colour palette
 could link to her story, passion



Vogue at this time was far more age, gender ,ethnicity, race diversity across the 'board'
Before 2017, Vogue U.K. went 14 years with only 6 non white solo stars.

Racial stereotypes:
Muslims- represents 1 percent of all characters (8,885) across 200 popular TV shows in four countries - and less then one-tenth of 1 percent of all characters were in comedy series 9a total of five characters).

How can we see Diversity??
mentions black people in the cover lines
direct address and confidence- powerful confident women
the representation of Malala as a muslim woman is Anti-stereotypical

'being female'- women empowerment- 'fighting talk' ( also about Women empowerment) 
'summer beauty'
'love' (love after lockdown)- the colour palette 
activist- fighting for girls and women's rights for an education 

Malala: Looks very Feminine- flowing, silk, headdress, jewellery, make up.
Classy, Sophisticated ( cover image and colour palette)
Topic stereotypically 'female'- concerned with fashion, romance/ relationships & beauty. These features outnumber others and support stereotype of women being more concerned about appearance/ superficially 

D- Describe- The technique/element/ representation used 
E- Explain- the connotations/meanings constructed 
L-Link- to the overall context/meaning 
Ethnicity have been represented through Women empowerment, Malala is an activist towards Girls/ women's right for an education. It is also  shown by an Anti-stereotypical cover line 'fighting talk'.
Gender is also represented in a stereotypical way this is shown by the cover lines: 'summer beauty', 'Love after lockdown','the shape of now' concerning with fashion, romance/ relationships & beauty  this is the women's stereotypical topics. 
Tuesday 28th November 2023
images:
colour pallete: 
Red- has historically been associated with sacrifice, danger, and courage
Modern surveys in Europe and the United States show red is also the colour most commonly associated with heat, activity, anger, love, and joy.
Grey-  symbolises the wisdom, and dignity that come with experience 

Text/written language:
The Main cover line, the caption of Malala's own name, is the brightest text on the page.
The white clearly contrasts with the red background celebrating her name and her status 
you can see how the captions used to anchor the cover model elevate her status and importance.


layout and design:
'Z' shape layout
engages the audience with direct eye contact
Medium close up that draws attention to both her facial expression as well as her body language and attire
Wednesday 29th November 2023



feminine 
smart women 
confident
anti-stereotype
beauty- orientated


















L/O: To practise comparing representations in two covers.




















Similarities:
women-empowerment 
anti-stereotypical 
defining beauty - physical expressions  ( poses, hand placement)

Differences:
medium close up - MALALA MAGAZINE 
Medium long shot - KIM MAGAZINE
confidence vs activist 
colour palette: 
KIM- pink, grey, white, black
MALALA- red
The two covers appear to be similar but when your looking at media language they are quite different when it comes to representing women.

One similarity in the two magazine covers that represents women is the Women empowerment, in the Elle magazine with the star vehicle Kim Kardashian, she is representing the confidence in women this is shown by the position she's standing in, she's quite open and standing confidently it is also shown in the colour palette the pink is representing women's confidence as well.
On the Malala Magazine cover its showing women empowerment by the cover line 'fighting talk', Malala is an activist who fights for women/ girls education. 

 In the Vogue magazine cover the shot type is medium close up to highlight  Malala's beauty this is  shown where she places her hand on her face in a elegant way. On the Elle magazine cover the shot type is a medium long shot showing Kim's body structure which could be sexually identifying her.

A difference between these two magazine covers is that, one of the cover lines is 'fighting talk' to help women and girls get an education and having a anti-stereotypical topics,were as the Elle magazine is focusing on women's confidence and stereotypical topics.

Another Difference is the colour palette. In the Elle magazine the colours are pink which represents romance, love, and friendship, grey represents neutrality and balance, white purity, cleanness, peace and innocence and black elegance, wealth, restraint, and power.  were as the Vogue cover is red energy, war, danger, strength, power, determination as well as passion, desire, and love.

In conclusion, the over all judgement is that the two magazine cover are different but similar to the point where they are linked about women empowerment. 



VOGUE EXAM COMPARISON Q
11/25
A good first attempt!
WWW: your opening judgement is great
EBI: Your analysis gets weaker as you go on. Try to use the DEL structure to help explain your ideas fully. You need to say what those representations are and HOW they are constructed.



who publishes it?
It is print only or  multi-platform?
What is its average circulation & readership?






Comments

  1. MAG REPRESENTATION EXAM Q:
    WWW: you've analysed both covers well and included gender stereotypes
    EBI: include a comparison paragraph at the end

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. GQ/RS RESEARCH & NOTES:
      Solid notes

      GQ COVER ANALYSIS:
      Good

      GQ EXAM Q:
      WWW: good points linked to context
      EBI: try to include accurate magazine terminology

      REP HWK:
      Missing

      Delete

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